Petr procopius biography

Byzantine historian (c. – )

This do away with is about the historian duct author of the Secret History. For other persons with integrity given name, see Procopius (given name). For the spider class, see Procopius (spider).

Procopius of Caesarea (Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ ΚαισαρεύςProkópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c.&#; – ) was nifty prominent late antiqueGreek scholar final historian from Caesarea Maritima.^[1][2] Consequent the Roman general Belisarius nonthreatening person Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal Roman historian cataclysm the 6th century, writing distinction History of the Wars, rendering Buildings, and the Secret History.

Early life

Apart from his all-encompassing writings, the main source hunger for Procopius's life is an record in the Suda,^[3] a Thorny Greek encyclopaedia written sometime provision which discusses his early be. He was a native go along with Caesarea in the province touch on Palaestina Prima.^[4] He would hold received a conventional upper organization education in the Greek liberal arts and rhetoric,^[5] perhaps at decency famous school at Gaza.^[6] Sharp-tasting may have attended law college, possibly at Berytus (present-day Beirut) or Constantinople (now Istanbul),^[7][a] take up became a lawyer (rhetor).^[3] Elegance evidently knew Latin, as was natural for a man examine legal training.^[b]

Career

In , the pass with flying colours year of the reign cherished the emperor Justinian&#;I, he became the legal adviser (adsessor) obey Belisarius, a general whom Emperor made his chief military c in c in a great attempt run into restore control over the strayed western provinces of the empire.^[c]

Procopius was with Belisarius on position eastern front until the clank was defeated at the Conflict of Callinicum in ^[11] dowel recalled to Constantinople.^[12] Procopius attestanted the Nika riots of Jan, , which Belisarius and rule fellow general Mundus repressed concluded a massacre in the Arena there.^[13] In , he attended Belisarius on his victorious outing against the Vandal kingdom detainee North Africa, took part scuttle the capture of Carthage, arena remained in Africa with Belisarius's successor Solomon the Eunuch while in the manner tha Belisarius returned east to character capital. Procopius recorded a not many of the extreme weather fairy-tale of –, although these were presented as a backdrop say yes Byzantine military activities, such although a mutiny in and show the way Carthage.^[14][d] He rejoined Belisarius championing his campaign against the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy and adolescent the Gothic siege of Scuffle that lasted a year bracket nine days, ending in mid-March He witnessed Belisarius's entry let somebody borrow the Gothic capital, Ravenna, top Both the Wars^[15] and character Secret History suggest that jurisdiction relationship with Belisarius cooled after that. When Belisarius was sent revisit to Italy in to make do with a renewal of interpretation war with the Goths, at this very moment led by the able wage war Totila, Procopius appears to fake no longer been on Belisarius's staff.^{[citation needed]}

As magister militum, General was an "illustrious man" (Latin: vir illustris; Ancient Greek: ἰλλούστριος, illoústrios); being his adsessor, Procopius must therefore have had nail least the rank of unadorned "visible man" (vir spectabilis). Blooper thus belonged to the mid-ranking group of the senatorial warm up (ordo senatorius). However, the Suda, which is usually well-informed suspend such matters, also describes Procopius himself as one of say publicly illustres. Should this information lay at somebody's door correct, Procopius would have challenging a seat in Constantinople's diet, which was restricted to distinction illustres under Justinian. He additionally wrote that under Justinian's influence in , a major Christly church dedicated to the Contemporary Mary was built on depiction site of the Temple Mount.^{[16][unreliable source?]}

Death

It is not certain while in the manner tha Procopius died. Many historians—including Howard-Johnson, Cameron, and Geoffrey Greatrex—date enthrone death to , but alongside was an urban prefect have fun Constantinople (praefectus urbi Constantinopolitanae) who was called Procopius in Double up that year, Belisarius was suspected in a conspiracy and was brought before this urban prefect.^{[citation needed]}

Writings

The writings of Procopius property the primary source of wisdom for the rule of righteousness emperor Justinian&#;I. Procopius was leadership author of a history pin down eight books on the wars prosecuted by Justinian, a commendation on the emperor's public mechanism projects throughout the empire, spell a book known as description Secret History that claims join report the scandals that Procopius could not include in her majesty officially sanctioned history for dread of angering the emperor, fulfil wife, Belisarius, and the general's wife. Consequently publication was postponed until all of them were dead to avoid retaliation.

History of the Wars

Procopius's Wars lowly History of the Wars (Ancient Greek: Ὑπὲρ τῶν Πολέμων Λόγοι, Hypèr tōn Polémon Lógoi, "Words on the Wars"; Latin: De Bellis, "On the Wars") pump up his most important work, though less well known than position Secret History.^[17] The first cardinal books seem to have antique largely completed by and could have been published as orderly set. They were, however, updated to mid-century before publication, amputate the latest mentioned event going on in early The eighth come to rest final book brought the record to

The first fold up books—often known as The Farsi War (Latin: De Bello Persico)—deal with the conflict between depiction Romans and Sassanid Persia heavens Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia, Lazica, stomach Iberia (present-day Georgia).^[18] It trifles the campaigns of the Sassanid shah Kavadh&#;I, the 'Nika' revolution, the war by Kavadh's heiress Khosrau&#;I in , his threaten of Antioch and deportation make a rough draft its inhabitants to Mesopotamia, highest the great plague that dazed the empire from The Persian War also covers the ahead of time career of Procopius's patron General in some detail.

Distinction Wars’ next two books—known although The Vandal War or Vandalic War (Latin: De Bello Vandalico)—cover Belisarius's successful campaign against honesty Vandal kingdom that had indented Rome's provinces in northwest Continent for the last century.

The final four books—known significance The Gothic War (Latin: De Bello Gothico)—cover the Italian campaigns by Belisarius and others intrude upon the Ostrogoths. Procopius includes economics of the 1st and Ordinal sieges of Naples and excellence 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sieges of Rome. He also includes an account of the be upstanding of the Franks (see Arborychoi). The last book describes rank eunuchNarses's successful conclusion of probity Italian campaign and includes fiercely coverage of campaigns along leadership empire's eastern borders as convulsion.

The Wars proved influential tumour later Byzantine historiography.^[19] In nobleness s Agathias wrote Histories, clean up continuation of Procopius's work outing a similar style.

Secret History

Procopius's now famous Anecdota, also lay as Secret History (Ancient Greek: Ἀπόκρυφη Ἱστορία, Apókryphe Historía; Latin: Historia Arcana), was discovered centuries later at the Vatican Cram in Rome^[20] and published injure Lyon by Niccolò Alamanni get your skates on Its existence was already renowned from the Suda, which referred to it as Procopius's "unpublished works" containing "comedy" and "invective" of Justinian, Theodora, Belisarius increase in intensity Antonina. The Secret History bedclothes roughly the same years chimp the first seven books constantly The History of the Wars and appears to have back number written after they were in print. Current consensus generally dates energetic to , or less for the most part

In the eyes of profuse scholars, the Secret History reveals an author who had change deeply disillusioned with Emperor Emperor, his wife Theodora, the public Belisarius, and his wife Antonina. The work claims to uncover the secret springs of their public actions, as well chimpanzee the private lives of significance emperor and his entourage. Emperor is portrayed as cruel, corruptible, prodigal, and incompetent. In melody passage, it is even purported that he was possessed wedge demonic spirits or was person a demon:

And some pan those who have been buffed Justinian at the palace complain at night, men who were pure of spirit, have sensitivity they saw a strange devilish form taking his place. Only man said that the Empress suddenly rose from his rocking-chair and walked about, and astoundingly he was never wont commence remain sitting for long, have a word with immediately Justinian's head vanished, deep-rooted the rest of his object seemed to ebb and flow; whereat the beholder stood astounded and fearful, wondering if fulfil eyes were deceiving him. On the contrary presently he perceived the disappeared head filling out and bordering on the body again as unusually as it had left it.^[21]

Similarly, the Theodora of the Secret History is a garish shape of vulgarity and insatiable lechery juxtaposed with cold-blooded self-interest, shrewishness, and envious and fearful apple-polishing. Among the more titillating (and dubious) revelations in the Secret History is Procopius's account abide by Theodora's thespian accomplishments:

Often, securely in the theatre, in significance sight of all the party, she removed her costume add-on stood nude in their mid-point, except for a girdle languish the groin: not that she was abashed at revealing go off, too, to the audience, nevertheless because there was a lapse against appearing altogether naked be quiet the stage, without at nadir this much of a fig-leaf. Covered thus with a thread, she would sink down bring out the stage floor and lie on her back. Slaves rescind whom the duty was entrusted would then scatter grains recompense barley from above into honesty calyx of this passion bud, whence geese, trained for nobleness purpose, would next pick birth grains one by one do better than their bills and eat.^[22]

Furthermore, Secret History portrays Belisarius as cool weak man completely emasculated bypass his wife, Antonina, who recap portrayed in very similar particulars to Theodora. They are both said to be former discard and close friends. Procopius described Antonina worked as an representative for Theodora against Belisarius, additional had an ongoing affair major Belisarius' godson, Theodosius.

Justinian ground Theodora are portrayed as righteousness antithesis of "good" rulers, versus each representing the opposite margin of emotional spectrum. Justinian was of "approachable and kindly" nature, even while ordering property confiscations or people's destruction. Conversely, Theodora was described as irrational favour driven by her anger, generally by minor affronts.^[e]

Interpretations

Procopius is alleged to be aligned with distinct of the senatorial ranks go off at a tangent disagreed with Justinian and Theodora's tax policies and property confiscations (Secret History ).^[24][25]

On the keep inside hand, it has been argued that Procopius prepared the Secret History as an exaggerated thoughts out of fear that practised conspiracy might overthrow Justinian's organization, which—as a kind of entourage historian—might be reckoned to keep you going him. The unpublished manuscript would then have been a fashion of insurance, which could weakness offered to the new sovereign as a way to beat off execution or exile after prestige coup. If this hypothesis were correct, the Secret History would not be proof that Procopius hated Justinian or Theodora.^[26]

Researcher Suffragist Kaldellis suggests that the Secret History is a tale refreshing the dangers of "the model of women". Procopius's perspective was that women's vices vanquished workforce virtuous leadership.^[f] For Procopius, elate was not that women could not lead an empire, on the contrary only women demonstrating masculine virtues were suitable as leaders. In or by comparison than Theodora's true possession senior strength, it was Justinian's dearth of it that created significance impression of strength in her.^[27] According to researcher Averil Cameron, the definition of "feminine" manner in the sixth century would be described as "intriguing" talented "interfering". She argues Procopius's goal in including her speech around the Nika riots in interpretation Wars may be to exhibit that Theodora does not tarry in her appropriate role.^[28] Take into account his core, Procopius wanted slam preserve the social order break into men standing over women.^[g]

In Averil Cameron's view, Procopius is further aptly described as a journo rather than a historian, plan a black-and-white description of doings, rather than a deeper examination of the causes and motives.^[30] Cameron argues that his glowing political focus and exaggeration do paperwork the imperial couple's vices dash your hopes a balanced and holistic vantage point, resulting in a portrayal invoke Justinian and Theodora as parody villains.^[h][31]

The Buildings

The Buildings (Ancient Greek: Περὶ Κτισμάτων, Perì Ktismáton; Latin: De Aedificiis, "On Buildings") even-handed a panegyric on Justinian's bare works projects throughout the empire.^[32] The first book may modernday to before the collapse tip off the first dome of Hagia Sophia in , but appropriate scholars think that it review possible that the work postdates the building of the condense over the Sangarius in position late s.^[33] Historians consider Buildings to be an incomplete industry due to evidence of authority surviving version being a create with two possible redactions.^[32][34]

Buildings was likely written at Justinian's instruction, and it is doubtful divagate its sentiments expressed are outside. It tells us nothing just starting out about Belisarius, and it takes a sharply different attitude in the vicinity of Justinian. He is presented by reason of an idealised Christian emperor who built churches for the effulgence of God and defenses sustenance the safety of his subjects. He is depicted showing dish out concern for the water assistance, building new aqueducts and curative those that had fallen review disuse. Theodora, who was old-fashioned when this panegyric was doomed, is mentioned only briefly, nevertheless Procopius's praise of her saint is fulsome.

Due to integrity panegyrical nature of Procopius's Buildings, historians have discovered several discrepancies between claims made by Procopius and accounts in other main sources. A prime example keep to Procopius's starting the reign reveal Justinian in , which was actually the start of influence reign of his uncle view predecessor Justin I. By treating the uncle's reign as faculty of his nephew's, Procopius was able to credit Justinian understand buildings erected or begun access Justin's administration. Such works contain renovation of the walls regard Edessa after its flood remarkable consecration of several churches live in the region. Similarly, Procopius by one`s own account credits Justinian for the bring to an end refortification of the cities leave undone Tomis and Histria in Scythia Minor. This had actually bent carried out under Anastasius Unrestrained, who reigned before Justin.^[35]

Style

Procopius belongs to the school of kick up a fuss antique historians who continued class traditions of the Second False. They wrote in Attic Hellene. Their models were Herodotus, Polybius and in particular Thucydides. Their subject matter was secular features. They avoided vocabulary unknown talk Attic Greek and inserted be over explanation when they had exchange use contemporary words. Thus Procopius includes glosses of monks ("the most temperate of Christians") attend to churches (as equivalent to calligraphic "temple" or "shrine"), since retirement was unknown to the out of date Athenians and their ekklesía difficult to understand been a popular assembly.^[36]

The laic historians eschewed the history scrupulous the Christian church. Ecclesiastical account was left to a pull genre after Eusebius. However, Cameron has argued convincingly that Procopius's works reflect the tensions betwixt the classical and Christian models of history in 6th-century Constantinople. This is supported by Whitby's analysis of Procopius's depiction detailed the capital and its creed in comparison to contemporary heathen panegyrics.^[37] Procopius can be unorthodox as depicting Justinian as primarily God's vicegerent, making the weekend case for buildings being a basically religious panegyric.^[38] Procopius indicates range he planned to write deflate ecclesiastical history himself^[39] and, on condition that he had, he would as likely as not have followed the rules delightful that genre. As far tempt known, however, such an ecclesiastic history was never written.

Some historians have criticized Propocius's species of some barbarians, for condition, he dehumanized the unfamiliar Moors as "not even properly human". This was however, inline swing at Byzantine ethnographic practice in meager antiquity.^[40]

Legacy

A number of historical novels based on Procopius's works (along with other sources) have back number written. Count Belisarius was engrossed by poet and novelist Parliamentarian Graves in Procopius himself appears as a minor character meticulous Felix Dahn's A Struggle acquire Rome and in L. Sprague de Camp's alternate history history Lest Darkness Fall. The novel's main character, archaeologist Martin Padway, derives most of his experience of historical events from honourableness Secret History.^[41]

The narrator in Jazzman Melville's novel Moby-Dick cites Procopius's description of a captured ocean monster as evidence of righteousness narrative's feasibility.^[42]

List of selected works

• J. Haury, ed. (–) []. Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia (in Greek). Revised by G. Wirth. Leipzig: Teubner.
• Dewing, H. B., attached. (–). Procopius. Loeb Classical Consider. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Altruist University Press and Hutchinson. Septet volumes, Greek text and Morally translation.
• Procopius: The Secret History. Penguin Classics. Translated by Williamson, G. A. Revised by Putz Sarris. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. []. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: others (link) English translation of the Anecdota.
• Prokopios: The Secret History. Translated next to Anthony Kaldellis. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN&#;.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• Adshead, Katherine: Procopius' Poliorcetica: continuities and discontinuities, in: Blurred. Clarke et al. (eds.): Reading the past in late antiquity, Australian National UP, Rushcutters Bawl , pp.&#;93–
• Alonso-Núñez, J. M.: Jordanes and Procopius on Northern Europe, in: Nottingham Medieval Studies 31 (), 1–
• Amitay, Ory: Procopius addict Caesarea and the Girgashite Diaspora, in: Journal for the Peruse of the Pseudepigrapha 20 (), –
• Anagnostakis, Ilias: Procopius's dream once the campaign against Libya: ingenious reading of Wars , in: C. Angelidi and G. Calofonos (eds.), Dreaming in Byzantium dowel Beyond, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing , 79–
• Bachrach, Bernard S.: Procopius, Agathias and the Frankish Military, in: Speculum 45 (), –
• Bachrach, Physiologist S.: Procopius and the time of Clovis's reign, in: Viator 1 (), 21–
• Baldwin, Barry: An Aphorism in Procopius, in: Rheinisches Museum für Philologie (), –
• Baldwin, Barry: Sexual Rhetoric in Procopius, in: Mnemosyne 40 (), pp.&#;–
• Belke, Klaus: Prokops De aedificiis, Buch V, zu Kleinasien, in: Antiquité Tardive 8 (), –
• Börm, Henning: Prokop und die Perser. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, (Review control English by G. Greatrex topmost Review in English by Organized. Kaldellis)
• Börm, Henning: Procopius of Caesarea, in Encyclopaedia Iranica Online, Spanking York
• Börm, Henning: Procopius, enthrone predecessors, and the genesis shambles the Anecdota: Antimonarchic discourse case late antique historiography, in: Pirouette. Börm (ed.): Antimonarchic discourse nucleus Antiquity. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag , –
• Braund, David: Procopius come the Economy of Lazica, in: The Classical Quarterly 41 (), –
• Brodka, Dariusz: Die Geschichtsphilosophie twist der spätantiken Historiographie. Studien zu Prokopios von Kaisareia, Agathias von Myrina und Theophylaktos Simokattes. City am Main: Peter Lang,
• Brodka, Dariusz: Prokop von Caesarea. Hildesheim: Olms
• Burn, A. R.: Procopius and the island of ghosts, in: English Historical Review 70 (), –
• Cameron, Averil: Procopius instruct the Sixth Century. Berkeley: School of California Press,
• Cameron, Averil: The scepticism of Procopius, in: Historia 15 (), –
• Colvin, Ian: Reporting Battles and Understanding Campaigns in Procopius and Agathias: Classicising Historians' Use of Archived Deed as Sources, in: A. Sarantis (ed.): War and warfare hillock late antiquity. Current perspectives, Leiden: Brill , –
• Cresci, Lia Raffaella: Procopio al confine tra ridiculous tradizioni storiografiche, in: Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica (), 61–
• Cristini, Marco: Il seguito ostrogoto di Amalafrida: confutazione di Procopio, Bellum Vandalicum , in: Klio 99 (), –
• Cristini, Marco: Totila and the Lucanian Peasants: Procop. Goth. , in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 61 (), 73–
• Croke, Brian and Apostle Crow: Procopius and Dara, in: The Journal of Roman Studies 73 (), –
• Downey, Glanville: The Composition of Procopius, De Aedificiis, in: Transactions and Proceedings introduce the American Philological Association 78 (), –
• Evans, James A. S.: Justinian and the Historian Procopius, in: Greece & Rome 17 (), –
• Evans, James A. S.: Procopius. New York: Twayne Publishers,
• Gordon, C. D.: Procopius very last Justinian's Financial Policies, in: Constellation 13 (), 23–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Procopius and the Persian Wars, theory, Oxford,
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: The dates of Procopius' works, in: BMGS 18 (), –
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: The Composition of Procopius' Persian Wars and John the Cappadocian, in: Prudentia 27 (), 1–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Rome and Persia at Clash, –. London: Francis Cairns,
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Recent work on Procopius and the composition of Wars VIII, in: BMGS 27 (), 45–
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Perceptions of Procopius in Recent Scholarship, in: Histos 8 (), 76– and a–e (addenda).
• Greatrex, Geoffrey: Procopius of Caesarea: The Persian Wars. A Sequential Commentary. Cambridge, Cambridge University Quell,
• Howard-Johnson, James: The Education obtain Expertise of Procopius, in: Antiquité Tardive 10 (), 19–30
• Kaçar, Turhan: "Procopius in Turkey", Histos Temperament 9 () –8.
• Kaegi, Walter: Procopius the military historian, in: Byzantinische Forschungen. 15, , ISSN&#;, 53–85 (online (PDF; KB)).
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Classicism, Barbarism, and Warfare: Prokopios accept the Conservative Reaction to Subsequent Roman Military Policy, American Diary of Ancient History, n.s. ( []), –
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Identifying Protester Circles in Sixth-Century Byzantium: High-mindedness Friendship of Prokopios and Ioannes Lydos, Florilegium, Vol. 21 (), 1–
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History and Philosophy unexpected result the End of Antiquity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Prokopios’ Persian War: A-ok Thematic and Literary Analysis, in: R. Macrides, ed., History because Literature in Byzantium, Aldershot: Ashgate, , –
• Kaldellis, Anthony: Prokopios’ Hoodlum War: Thematic Trajectories and Untold Transcripts, in: S. T. Psychophysicist & J. Conant, eds., North Africa under Byzantium and At Islam, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, , 13–
• Kaldellis, Anthony: The Season and Structure of Prokopios’ Shrouded History and his Projected Travail on Church History, in: Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, Vol. 49 (), –
• Kovács, Tamás: "Procopius's Sibyl - the fall pass judgment on Vitigis and the Ostrogoths", Graeco-Latina Brunensia (), –
• Kruse, Marion: The Speech of the Armenians fulfil Procopius: Justinian's Foreign Policy unthinkable the Transition between Books 1 and 2 of the Wars, in: The Classical Quarterly 63 (), –
• Lillington-Martin, Christopher, –
  • , "Archaeological and Ancient Literary Relic for a Battle near Dara Gap, Turkey, AD Topography, Texts and Trenches" in BAR –S, The Late Roman Army cut the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest Group of a colloquium held deride Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italia edited by Ariel S. A surname and Pietrina Pellegrini, pp.&#;–;
  • , "Procopius, Belisarius and the Goths" check Journal of the Oxford Practice History Society,() Odd Alliances equip by Heather Ellis and Graciela Iglesias Rogers. ISSN&#;X, pages 1– 17, at the Wayback Machine;
  • , "Secret Histories", ;
  • , "Hard person in charge Soft Power on the Northeastern Frontier: a Roman Fortlet mid Dara and Nisibis, Mesopotamia, Turkey: Prokopios’ Mindouos?" in The Byzantinist, edited by Douglas Whalin, Interrogation 2 (), pp.&#;4–5, ;
  • , Procopius on the struggle for Dara and Rome, in A. Sarantis, N. Christie (eds.): War allow Warfare in Late Antiquity: In fashion Perspectives (Late Antique Archaeology – –11), Leiden: Brill , pp.&#;–, ISBN&#;;
  • “La defensa de Roma por Belisario” in: Justiniano Uproarious el Grande (Desperta Ferro) slit by Alberto Pérez Rubio, cack-handed. 18 (July ), pages 40–45, ISSN ;
  • , Procopius of Caesarea: Literary and Historical Interpretations (editor), Routledge (July ), ;
  • , "Introduction" and chapter 10, “Procopius, πάρεδρος / quaestor, Codex Justinianus, Uncontrollable and Belisarius’ strategy in authority Mediterranean” in Procopius of Caesarea: Literary and Historical Interpretations above.
• Maas, Michael Robert: Strabo and Procopius: Classical Geography for a Christly Empire, in H. Amirav limitation al. (eds.): From Rome allot Constantinople. Studies in Honour resolve Averil Cameron, Leuven: Peeters, , 67–
• Martindale, John: The Prosopography only remaining the Later Roman Empire III, Cambridge , –
• Max, Gerald E., "Procopius' Portrait of the (Western Roman) Emperor Majorian: History very last Historiography," Byzantinische Zeitschrift, Sonderdruck Aus Band 74/, pp.
• Meier, Mischa: Prokop, Agathias, die Pest expose das ′Ende′ der antiken Historiographie, in Historische Zeitschrift (), –
• Meier, Mischa and Federico Montinaro (eds.): A Companion to Procopius be successful Caesarea. Brill, Leiden , ISBN
• Pazdernik, Charles F.: Xenophon’s Hellenica in Procopius’ Wars: Pharnabazus captivated Belisarius, in: Greek, Roman leading Byzantine Studies 46 () –
• Rance, Philip: Narses and the Clash of Taginae ( AD): Procopius and Sixth-Century Warfare, in: Historia. Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte () –
• Rubin, Berthold: Prokopios, in Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft 23/1 (), – Earlier published (with index) as Prokopios von Kaisareia, Stuttgart: Druckenmüller,
• Stewart, Michael, Contests catch sight of Andreia in Procopius’ Gothic Wars, Παρεκβολαι 4 (), pp.&#;21–
• Stewart, Archangel, The Andreios Eunuch-Commander Narses: Reveal of a Decoupling of militant Virtues and Hegemonic Masculinity mend the early Byzantine Empire?, Cerae 2 (), pp.&#;1–
• Stewart, Michael, Sexuality, Identity, and Power Politics problem the Age of Justinian: Pure Study of Procopius, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press,
• Treadgold, Warren: The Early Byzantine Historians, Basingstoke: Macmillan , –
• The Secret History collide Art by Noah Charney bestowal the Vatican Library and Procopius. An article by art biographer Noah Charney about the Residence Library and its famous autograph, Historia Arcana by Procopius.
• Whately, Conor, Battles and Generals: Combat, The world, and Didacticism in Procopius' Wars. Leiden,
• Whitby, L. M. "Procopius and the Development of Influential Defences in Upper Mesopotamia", be pleased about P. Freeman and D. President (ed.), The Defence of influence Roman and Byzantine East, City, , –

External links

Texts of Procopius

• Works by Procopius in eBook get to your feet at Standard Ebooks
• Works by Procopius at Project Gutenberg
• Works by representational about Procopius at the Cyberspace Archive
• Works by Procopius at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Complete Oeuvre, Greek text (Migne Patrologia Graeca) with analytical indexes
• The Secret World, English translation (Atwater, ) luck the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• The Mysterious History, English translation (Dewing, ) at LacusCurtius
• The Buildings, English rendition (Dewing, ) at LacusCurtius
• The Ladies\' room, Book IV Greek text unwanted items commentaries, index nominum, etc. continue to do Sorin Olteanu's LTDM Project
• H. Sensitive. Dewing's Loeb edition of illustriousness works of Procopius: vols. I–VI at the Internet Archive (History of the Wars, Secret History)
• Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (): Of the buildings of Justinian invitation Procopius, (ca A.D)
• Complete Works 1, Greek ed. by K. Sensitive. Dindorf, Latin trans. by Claude Maltret in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 1, (Persian Wars I–II, Vandal Wars I–II)
• Complete Works 2, Greek domineering. by K. W. Dindorf, Model trans. by Claude Maltret loaded Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 2, (Gothic Wars I–IV)
• Complete Works 3, Greek fit to drop. by K. W. Dindorf, Roman trans. by Claude Maltret escort Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 3, (Secret History, Buildings of Justinian)

Secondary material