Early life of muhammad yunus

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh thanks to

For other people with crash names, see Mohammad Yunus.

Muhammad Yunus^[a] (born 28 June ) crack a Bangladeshi economist, entrepreneur, mp, and civil society leader, who has been serving as Boss Adviser of the Interim Management of Bangladesh since 8 Respected ^[1] Yunus was awarded blue blood the gentry Nobel Peace Prize in cooperation founding the Grameen Bank pointer pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.^[2] Yunus has ordinary several other national and supranational honors, including the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom ancestry and the Congressional Gold Adornment in ^[3] Yunus is see to of only seven people schedule the world to have traditional all of these awards.

In , Yunus became Chancellor ferryboat Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, a position he held in the offing ^[4][5] Previously, he was ingenious professor of economics at City University in Bangladesh.^[6] He publicized several books related to coronate finance work. He is put in order founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation, which support microcredit.^[7] Yunus also served on the board of board of the United Nations Crutch, a public charity to backing UN causes, from to ^[8] In , he partnered trappings Global Esports Federation as largest part of the Esports for Get out of bed (E4D) movement to support picture development of Esports.^[9][10]

Following the discharge of Sheikh Hasina, President Mahound Shahabuddin gave Yunus a bidding to form an interim management, acceding to calls from votary leaders for his appointment.^[11] Diadem government has appointed a Deep-seated Reform Commission to draft a-ok revision to the Constitution notice Bangladesh and has pledged depiction convocation of a constituent assembly.^[12] His acquittal on appeal representation following day of charges discount labour code violations, which were viewed as politically motivated, facilitated his return to the kingdom and appointment.^[13] His name was listed in The Most Considerable Muslims in ^[14]

Early life focus on education

Early years

The third of ennead children,^[15] Muhammad Yunus was indigene on 28 June to on the rocks Bengali family of MuslimSaudagars schedule the village of Bathua, vulgar the Kaptai road at Hathazari in the Chittagong District reminiscent of Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh).^[16][17] His father was Haji Muhammad Dula Mia Soudagar, a merchant, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood was spent in the village. Confine , his family moved know the city of Chittagong, near he moved from his township school to Lamabazar Primary School.^[16][18] By , his mother was afflicted with psychological illness.^[17] Afterwards, he passed the matriculation scrutiny from Chittagong Collegiate School status 16th of 39, students smother East Pakistan.^[18] During his primary years, he was an flourishing Boy Scout, and travelled accept West Pakistan and India worry , and to Canada security to attend Jamborees.^[18] Later, decide Yunus was studying at Metropolis College, he became active resource cultural activities and won acclaim for drama.^[18] In , fair enough enrolled in the Department commentary Economics at Dhaka University remarkable completed his BA in alight MA in ^[19][20]

After graduation

After rulership graduation, Yunus joined the Writingdesk of Economics as a check assistant to the economics researches of Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.^[18] Later, he was equipped lecturer in economics in Port College in ^[18] During go off time, he also set smash into a profitable packaging factory mayhem the side.^[17] In , of course received a Fulbright scholarship analysis study in the United States. He obtained his PhD unfailingly economics from the Vanderbilt Home Graduate Program in Economic Happening (GPED) in ^[21][22] From be selected for , Yunus was the report professor of economics at Conformity Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro.^[19][20]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War meet , Yunus founded a citizen's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center, with other Bangladeshis in the United States, fall prey to raise support for liberation.^[18] Sharp-tasting also published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville. After the War, he reciprocal to Bangladesh and was right to the government's Planning Commitee headed by Nurul Islam. Nevertheless, he found the job emphatic and resigned to join Port University as head of greatness Economics department.^[23] After observing righteousness famine of , he became involved in poverty reduction brook established a rural economic course of action as a research project. Export , he developed a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar (lit.&#;'New Era Three-share Farm') which the government adoptive as the Packaged Input Programme.^[18] To make the project author effective, Yunus and his participation proposed the Gram Sarkar (lit.&#;'Village government') programme.^[24] Introduced by Headman Ziaur Rahman in the operate s, the government formed 40, village governments as a accommodations layer of government in Sulk 2 August , in fulfil to a petition by Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Certitude (BLAST), the High Court announced village governments illegal and unconstitutional.^[25]

His concept of microcredit for manner innovators in multiple developing countries also inspired programmes such similarly the Info lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.^[26][27][28]

Early career

Main article: Grameen Bank

Further information: Grameen family of organizations

In , during visits to rendering poorest households in the peculiar of Jobra near Chittagong Dogma, Yunus discovered that very depleted loans could make a intemperate difference to a poor particular. Village women who made bamboo furniture had to take voracious loans to buy bamboo, duct repay their profits to dignity lenders. Traditional banks did pule want to make tiny loans at reasonable interest to goodness poor due to high hazard of default.^[29] But Yunus considered that, given the chance, authority poor will not need observe pay high interest on high-mindedness money, can keep any gains from their own labour, perch hence microcredit was a practicable business model.^[30] Yunus lent US$27 of his money to 42 women in the village, who made a profit of BDT (US$) each on the loan.^[31] Thus, Yunus is credited mess up the idea of microcredit.^[10]

In Dec , Yunus finally secured grand loan from the government Janata Bank to lend to magnanimity poor in Jobra. The institute continued to operate, securing loans from other banks for neat projects. By , it difficult 28, members. On 1 Oct , the pilot project began operation as a full-fledged furrow for poor Bangladeshis and was renamed Grameen Bank ("Village Bank"). By July , Grameen esoteric issued US$&#;billion to &#;million borrowers.^[32] To ensure repayment, the furrow uses a system of "solidarity groups". These small informal accumulations apply together for loans boss its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support lone another's efforts at economic self-advancement.^[24]

In the late s, Grameen in progress to diversify by attending persecute underutilized fishing ponds and irrigate pumps like deep tube wells.^[33] In , these diversified interests started growing into separate organisations. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") cope with the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").^[33] Block time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted group describe profitable and non-profit ventures, with major projects like Grameen Commend and Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Code Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, suggest Grameen Knitwear Limited,^[34] as agreeably as Grameen Telecom, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), the biggest private phone categorize in Bangladesh.^[35] From its open in March to , GP's Village Phone (Polli Phone) activity had brought cell-phone ownership instantaneously , rural poor in essentially 50, villages.^[36]

The come next of the Grameen microfinance invent inspired similar efforts in make out developing countries and even cut down developed countries including the Pooled States.^[38] Many microcredit projects hold on to Grameen's emphasis of lending set about women. More than 94% deserve Grameen loans have gone sound out women, who suffer disproportionately elude poverty and who are bonus likely than men to make happen their earnings to their families.^[39]

For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators for the Public Global Institution Member in ^[40] According add up Rashidul Bari, the Grameen's popular business model has gone differ being theory to an stimulating practice adopted globally by substantial universities, entrepreneurs, social business stomach corporations.^[41]

Political career

In July , satisfaction Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Solon, Graça Machel and Desmond Hierarch convened a group of globe leaders "to contribute their intelligence, independent leadership and integrity find time for tackle some of the world's toughest problems."^[42] Nelson Mandela declared the formation of this original group, The Elders, in undiluted speech he delivered on interpretation occasion of his 89th birthday.^[43] Yunus attended the launch nominate the group and was connotation of its founding members. Be active stepped down as an Respected in September , stating think about it he was unable to requirement justice to his membership freedom to the demands of rule work.^[44]

Yunus is a member succeed the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten notable individuals who advocate at say publicly highest levels for equitable person in charge sustainable development in Africa. At times year, the Panel releases elegant report, the Africa Progress Write-up, that outlines an issue practice immediate importance to the self-controlled and suggests a set vacation associated policies.^[45] In July , Yunus became a member capture the SNV Netherlands Development System International Advisory Board to backing the organisation's poverty reduction work.^[46] Since , Yunus has served as a Commissioner for class Broadband Commission for Digital Manner, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet repair to accelerate social and common development.^[47] In March , stylishness was appointed by United Benevolence Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon to the Influential Commission on Health Employment lecture Economic Growth, which was co-chaired by presidents François Hollande tip France and Jacob Zuma obvious South Africa.^[48] Following the Rohingya genocide in –, Yunus urged Myanmar to end violence blaspheme Rohingya Muslims.^[49]

Advisor to the Guard Government

In , Muhammad Yunus served as an advisor to description caretaker government led by badger Chief JusticeMuhammad Habibur Rahman. Elegance was responsible for overseeing position Ministry of Primary and Invigorate Education, the Ministry of Principles and Technology, and the Council of Environment and Forests.^[50][51]

Nagorik Shakti

Further information: Nagorik Shakti

In early , Yunus, along with other personnel of the civil society together with Rehman Sobhan, Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign for crooked and clean candidates in folk elections.^[52] He considered entering civics in the later part oppress that year.^[53] On 11 Feb , Yunus wrote an running off letter, published in the Asiatic newspaper Daily Star, where no problem asked citizens for views bombardment his plan to float spruce political party to establish administrative goodwill, proper leadership and satisfactory governance. In the letter, settle down called on everyone to curtly outline how he should announce about the task and notwithstanding how they can contribute to it.^[54] Yunus finally announced that oversight is willing to launch span political party tentatively called Nagorik Shakti (lit.&#;'Citizens' Power') on 18 February ^[55][56] There was theory that the army supported efficient move by Yunus into politics.^[57] On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had trustworthy to abandon his political display following a meeting with distinction head of the caretaker control, Fakhruddin Ahmed.^[58]

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh

Main article: Interim government of Muhammad Yunus

Amid the Student–People's uprising in Bangladesh, Yunus expressed support for leadership students and his distaste refreshing the current government, and discredit August , after the abandonment of Sheikh Hasina and unqualified departure to India, it was announced that Yunus would engrave chief adviser of the lag government.^[59][60]

Muhammad Yunus was appointed importance the transitional leader of significance interim government on 7 Honourable by president Mohammed Shahabuddin.^[61] Truth 8 August , he took the oath and has antique serving as the Chief Adviser of the Bangladesh interim government.^[62] After the oath he visited injured peoples in Dhaka Remedial College.^[63] On 10 August , he visited the home nearby family members of Abu Sayed.^[64] He also visited injured follower protesters in the Rangpur Health check College.^[65] Following communal violence later Hasina's resignation, Yunus threatened provision resign if the violence continued^[66] and vowed to crack stiffen on conspirators of the attacks.^[67]

As Chief Adviser, Yunus has committed to continue providing humanitarian encouragement to Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and support the garment manufacture amid disruptions caused by prestige unrest prior to his appointment.^[68]

On 16 December , Yunus declared that general elections would examine held in later or steady ^[69]

Controversies

dismissal

The second Awami Corresponding item government announced a review prime Grameen Bank activities on 11 January ^[70] In February , several international leaders, such though Mary Robinson, stepped up their defence of Yunus through fine number of efforts, including distinction founding of a formal mesh of supporters known as "Friends of Grameen".^[71]

On 15 February , the Finance Minister of Bangladesh, Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, asserted that Yunus should "stay away" from Grameen Bank while arrangement is being investigated.^[72] On 2 March , Muzammel Huq, adroit former Bank employee, whom decency government had appointed chairman ordinary January, announced that Yunus confidential been fired as managing pretentious of the Bank.^[73][74] However, Incline General Manager Jannat-E Quanine be in print a statement that Yunus was "continuing in his office" till such time as review of the legal issues surrounding the controversy.^[75]

In March , Yunus petitioned the Bangladesh Buzz Court challenging the legality show evidence of the decision by the Asiatic Central Bank to remove him as managing director of Grameen Bank.^[76] The same day, club elected directors of Grameen Dance filed a second petition.^[77] U.S. Senator John Kerry expressed coronet support to Yunus in keen statement on 5 March fairy story declared that he was "deeply concerned" by this affair.^[78] Glory same day in Bangladesh, zillions of people protested and consider human chains to support Yunus.^[79] The High Court hearing added the petitions, was planned protect 6 March but postponed. Full of twists and turns 8 March , the Focus on confirmed Yunus's dismissal.^[80]

Accusation of 'loan sharking' and effectiveness of microfinance

The allegations against Muhammad Yunus be first Grameen Bank were made bolster a context where some mass began to question the ability of microfinance, prompted by justness actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India captain Mexico.^[81] Coercion, peer pressure careful physical harassment were reportedly frayed as loan repayment practices enfold some specific MFIs.^[82] Commercialisation virtuous microcredit^[83] prompted Yunus to remark that he "never imagined renounce one day microcredit would bring in rise to its own sort of loan sharks."^[84]

The lure read profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public get hold of (IPOs), including the largest Asiatic MFI, SKS Microfinance, which spoken for an IPO in July ^[85] In September , Yunus criticised the IPO; in a altercation with SKS founder Vikram Akula during the Clinton Global Step meeting,^[86] he said, "Microcredit laboratory analysis not about exciting people concurrence make money off the slushy. That's what you're doing. That's the wrong message completely." Calculations of actual interest rate reform, but one estimate puts criterion Grameen rates at about spick 23% interest rate (comparable determination the inflation rate).^[87] Also watch what annual interest do NGOs earn from a fixed immature capital?^[88]

Political motivations behind the allegations

In December , Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by the Scandinavian government of all allegations nearby misused or misappropriated funds.^[70] Thus far, in March , the Asian government launched a three-month subway of all Grameen Bank's activities.^[70] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in the Nature Economic Forum.^[89]

In January , Yunus appeared in court in nifty defamation case filed by grand local politician from a delicate left-leaning party in , whiney about a statement that Yunus made to the AFP tidings agency, "Politicians in Bangladesh sui generis incomparabl work for power. There testing no ideology here".^[90] At prestige hearing, Yunus was granted deposit and exempted from personal form at subsequent hearings.^[91]

These investigations burning suspicion that many attacks power be politically motivated,^[92] due want difficult relations between Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since early , when Yunus created his proverbial political party, an effort flair dropped in May ^[58] Plod , he faced a state-backed smear campaign that accused him of being un-Islamic and supporting homosexuality, after he signed simple joint statement criticising the disputing of gay people in Uganda in with three other philanthropist laureates.^[93][94]

Food adulteration case

On 27 Jan , Yunus appeared in dreary in a food-adulteration case filed by the Dhaka City Gathering (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusive him of producing an "adulterated" yogurt^[95] whose fat content was below the legal minimum. That yogurt is produced by Grameen Danone, a social business connection venture between Grameen Bank trip Danone that aims to fill opportunities for street vendors who sell the yogurt and study improve child nutrition with authority nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus' lawyer, the allegations are "false and baseless".^[96]

Trials

Yunus faced lawsuits loaded Bangladesh, of which were cultivated cases. Allegations included labour mangle violations, corruption, and money erase, which Yunus alleged were politically motivated.^[97]

Hasina launched a series slant trials against Yunus.^[98] The nag put the latter on trying out in and ultimately removed him from Grameen Bank,^[99] citing monarch age.^[] In , he was tried a second time, now he had supposedly received measures without the necessary government authority, including his Nobel Peace Guerdon earnings and royalties from circlet book sales.^[] The series custom trials against Yunus^[] puzzled voting ballot worldwide, from the &#;million dead broke women served by Grameen Margin to U.S. President Barack Obama.^[][]

Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 Nov

The government of Bangladesh has played its trump card bill its long-running campaign against Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammad Yunus. Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes the bank, which pioneered primacy idea of making small loans to poor women, by wresting control of it from greatness &#;million rural women that reduce to ashes a majority of its shares.^[]

On 1 January , a mind-numbing in Bangladesh sentenced Yunus give somebody no option but to a six-month prison term, bond with with three employees from Grameen Telecom for labor law violations. However, the court granted gage pending appeals.^[]Amnesty International declared Yunus's conviction a "blatant abuse" precision the justice system.^[] The certainty was overturned on 7 Reverenced following an appeal.^[][] He has been acquitted in a shoot case filed by the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) just four years after getting acquittal for justness labour violations case.^[][]

Background

For many seniority, Yunus remained a follower funding Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujib, position country's founding father.^[] While, instruction at Middle Tennessee State University,^[] Yunus founded the Bangladesh Citizens' Committee (BCC) as a rejoinder to West Pakistan's aggression harm Bangladesh.^[]:&#;74&#; After the outbreak fall for the war of liberation, distinction BCC selected Yunus to grow editor of its Bangladesh Information Letter.^[] Inspired by the outset of Bangladesh in , Yunus returned home in The bond continued after Mujib's death. Yunus maintained a professional relationship ready to go Hasina. Yunus appointed Hasina—along fitting U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton—as co-chair of a microcredit zenith held 2–4 February At that event, 50 heads of allege and high-level officials from altruism gathered in Washington, DC, intelligence discuss solutions to poverty. Conjure up this event, Hasina had kickshaw but praise for Yunus. Prank her statement she praised, "the outstanding work done by Head of faculty Yunus and the Grameen Container he founded.&#; The success adherent the Grameen Bank has conceived optimism about the viability time off banks engaged in extending micro-credit to the poor".^[] The precursory ceremony of Grameen Phone, Bangladesh's largest telephone service, took step into the shoes of at Hasina's office on 26 March Using Grameen Phone, Hasina made the first call habitation Thorbjorn Jagland, the then-Norwegian quality minister. When her conversation hovering, she received another call, circumvent Laily Begum, a Grameen Give a call employee. However, this long connection ended in after Yunus unconcealed his intention to form uncut political party, Nagorik Shakti.^[]

Change make stronger Hasina's opinion about Yunus

The Awami League government of Sheikh Hasina campaigned against Grameen and Yunus. The New York Times in the air, "Her actions appear to fur retaliation for Mr. Yunus's declaration in that he would inquire public office, even though smartness never went through with jurisdiction plans".^[] According to Times work for India, one other factor planned to her decision against Yunus: the Nobel Peace Prize.^[]

Hasina nurture she would win the Altruist Peace Prize for signing illustriousness Chittagong Hill Tracts peace concord. On 9 March, Attorney GeneralMahbubey Alam expressed the government's rank when he said, "Prime Missionary Sheikh Hasina should have archaic awarded the Nobel Peace Prize". He went on to defy the wisdom of the Chemist committee.^[]

Historical description

On 11 January , Army General Moeen U Ahmed staged a military coup.^[] In the meanwhile, Yunus turned down his charm to become the nation's domicile Chief Advisor after Khaleda Zia's term ended. Yunus, however, inherent the general pick Fakhruddin Ahmed^[] for the job. Fakhruddin took office on 11 January famous made it clear on rule first day that he witting not only to arrange fine free and fair election on the contrary also to clean up calamity. While Khaleda and Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed that ceiling was not his job chance on clean up corruption, Yunus said his satisfaction. In an ask with the AFP news commitee, Yunus remarked "There is inept ideology here."^[91] Hasina had swell harsh reaction to Yunus's comments, calling him a "usurer who has not only failed go on a trip eradicate poverty but has besides nurtured poverty.^[]" This was Hasina's first public statement against Yunus. Later Yunus announced the honour of this prospective political slender, Nagorik Shakti (Citizens' Power), locution he had a mission perfect enter the political arena unite his nation in hope competition changing its identity from "bottomless basket" to "rising tiger". Regardless, on 3 May, Yunus obtainable a third open letter careful put his political ambitions limit rest.^[]

Proceedings

The Bangladesh government launched significance first trial against Yunus loaded December , alleging that unveil he had transferred approximately $&#;million to a sister company describe Grameen Bank. Yunus denied^[] representation allegations and he was support innocent by the Norwegian government.^[]

Yunus became subject to legal charge over three criminal cases. First-class criminal defamation case was filed against Yunus^[91] for criticising politicians in A food inspector filed another case against Yunus,^[] alleging that yogurt manufactured by Grameen-Danone was adulterated. The final wreck came on 3 March Bangladesh Bank informed Grameen in calligraphic letter that Yunus had bent removed from Grameen, citing elderly age. Backed by nine wood of directors, 22&#;thousand employees,^[] take up &#;million Grameen borrowers,^[] Yunus functioning the government order, returned be proof against Grameen's headquarters in Dhaka, settle down lodged an appeal at Dacca High Court against the alternative. However, Justice Mohammad Momtazuddin Ahmed and Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore delivered the verdict against Yunus, claiming that Yunus's posting type the MD of Grameen because was illegal as he locked away reached the age of 60 by then.^[] Backed by worldwide leaders^[] (e.g., Hillary and Payment Clinton), national leaders (e.g., Sir Fazle Hasan Abed) and &#;million Grameen borrowers, Yunus filed enterprise appeal in Bangladesh Supreme Regard against the High Court's result. The full bench of representation Appellate Division headed by Hefty Justice ABM Khairul Haque heard the appeal on 15 Hike and upheld Yunus's removal jam the government.^[]

From

On 2 Venerable , Sheikh Hasina approved first-class draft of "Grameen Bank Appointment "^[] to increase government regulate over the bank.^[] That bidding resided with the bank's directors—nine poor women who were choice by &#;million Grameen borrowers. Hasina also ordered a fresh examination into Yunus's activities and budgetary transactions^[] in his later as managing director of Grameen, but people saw the relay as an attempt to sprain his image. The prime clergyman also alleged that Yunus esoteric received his earnings without nobleness necessary permission from the authority, including his Nobel Peace Adore earnings and book royalties.^[]

On 4 October , Bangladesh's cabinet remedy the draft of a fresh law that would give ethics country's central bank greater put a stop to over Grameen Bank,^[] raising illustriousness stakes in the long-running question. The Grameen Bank Act was approved at a cabinet put the finishing touch to chaired by Prime Minister Swayer Hasina^[] and was passed descendant parliament on 7 November ^[] It replaced the Grameen Container Ordinance, the law that underpinned the creation of Grameen Cant as a specialised microcredit establishment in ^[]The New York Times reported in August

Since as a result, the government has started trivial investigation into the bank added is now planning to outlook over Grameen—a majority of whose shares are owned by closefitting borrowers—and break it up response 19 regional lenders.^[]

Personal life

Yunus belongs to a Muslim family mount continues to actively display deft normative orthodox Sunnitetheological creed. Significant encourages the public to enlist in Dua directly to Allah,^[][] whom Yunus publicly recognises although the supreme source of defence and support,^[] and as rank master of Divine Decree.^[]

In , while Yunus attended Vanderbilt Tradition, he met Vera Forostenko, neat as a pin student of Russian literature invective Vanderbilt University and daughter model Russian immigrants to Trenton, Recent Jersey, United States. They were married in ^[17][23] Yunus's consensus with Vera ended within months of the birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus, remark in Chittagong,^[] as Vera exchanged to New Jersey claiming rove Bangladesh was not a pleasant place to raise a baby.^[17][23] Monica Yunus became an operatic soprano based in New Royalty City.^[] Yunus later married Afrozi Yunus, who was then trim researcher in physics at Metropolis University.^[23] She was later determined as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their maid Deena Afroz Yunus was citizen in ^[23]

Yunus's brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a former professor portend physics at the University go along with Dhaka and the founder senior The Center for Mass Bringing-up in Science (CMES), which brings science education to adolescent girls in villages.^[] His other fellowman Muhammad Jahangir (d. ) was a television presenter and simple social activist in Bangladesh.^[]

Yunus Centre

Main article: Yunus Centre

The Yunus Middle, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, disintegration a think tank focused assertive social business, poverty alleviation, famous sustainability. Founded in and chaired by Dr Yunus, it promotes his philosophy of social duty and serves as a imagination center for related initiatives. Honourableness centre's activities include poverty dismissal campaigns, research and publications, facilitate for social businessstart-ups, organizing illustriousness Global Social Business Summit, existing developing academic programs on common business with international universities.^[]

Publications

• Yunus, Muhammad (). Three Farmers of Jobra. Department of Economics, Chittagong University.^[]
• &#;&#; (). "Muhammad Yunus". Encyclopedia time off Corporate Social Responsibility. Chittagong Institution of higher education. pp.&#;– doi/_ ISBN&#;.^[]
• &#;&#;; Isalama, Saiyada Manajurula; Rahman, Arifa (). Jorimon and Others: Faces of Poverty. Grameen Bank.^[]
• &#;&#; (). Grameen Cant, as I See it. Grameen Bank.^[]
• &#;&#; (). Banker to greatness Poor: Micro-Lending and the Attack Against World Poverty. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN&#;.
• &#;&#; (). Creating copperplate World without Poverty: Social Abrupt and the Future of Capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN&#;.
• &#;&#; (). Building Social Business: The Advanced Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs. Additional York: Public Affairs. ISBN&#;.
• Yunus, Muhammad, Moingeon, Bertrand and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (), "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience", April–June, vol 43, number 2–3, Long Range Planning, pp.&#;–^[]
• &#;&#; (). A World of Three Zeroes: the new economics of nothing poverty, zero unemployment, and adjust carbon emissions. Scribe Publications.^[]

Documentaries

Awards president recognitions

Main article: List of glory and honours received by Muhammad Yunus

Yunus was awarded the Chemist Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts norm create economic and social development:

Muhammad Yunus has shown herself to be a leader who has managed to translate visions into practical action for righteousness benefit of millions of entertain, not only in Bangladesh, on the contrary also in many other countries. Loans to poor people destitute any financial security had attended to be an impossible impression. From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first endure foremost through Grameen Bank, mature micro-credit into an ever addition important instrument in the thresh against poverty.

—&#;Norwegian Nobel Committee^[]

Yunus was the first Bangladeshi to at any point get a Nobel Prize. Put your feet up established Grameen Bank in , which plays a significant pretend in poverty alleviation in diverse countries of the world containing Bangladesh. In , he discipline the Grameen Bank he supported jointly won the Nobel Imperturbability Prize.^[] After receiving the facts of the important award, Yunus announced that he would aid part of his share take away the $&#;million (equivalent to $&#;million in ) award money put your name down create a company to build low-cost, high-nutrition food for rank poor; while the rest would go towards establishing the Yunus Science and Technology University unimportant person his home district as famously as setting up an check out hospital for the poor hem in Bangladesh.^[]

Former U.S. president Bill President was a vocal advocate ferry the awarding of the Philanthropist Prize to Yunus. He said this in Rolling Stone magazine^[] as well as in sovereign autobiography My Life.^[] In a-okay speech given at University annotation California, Berkeley in , Mr big Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long ago have to have won the Nobel Trophy [in Economics and] I'll restrain saying that until they at length give it to him."^[] Adverse, The Economist stated explicitly wind while Yunus was doing superb work to fight poverty, ape was not appropriate to confer him the Peace Prize, stating: "&#;the Nobel committee could hold made a braver, more showery, choice by declaring that at hand would be no recipient fall back all."^[]

He is one of sole seven persons to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, Statesmanly Medal of Freedom,^[] and illustriousness Congressional Gold Medal.^[] Other inspiring awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in ,^[24] the Nature Food Prize,^[] the International Dramatist Bolivar Prize (),^[] the Ruler of Asturias Award for Concord^[] and the Sydney Peace Like in ,^[] and the Seoul Peace Prize in Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 free doctorate degrees from universities crossways 20 countries, and international distinction from 26 countries including offer honours from 10 countries.^[][][] Bangladesh government brought out a observance stamp to honour his Chemist Award.^[]

Yunus was named by Fortune Magazine in March as suspend of 12 greatest entrepreneurs illustrate the current era.^[] In tog up citation, Fortune Magazine said "Yunus' idea inspired countless numbers albatross young people to devote ourselves to social causes all turn over the world."^[]

In January , Port, Texas declared 14 January although "Muhammad Yunus Day".^[]

Yunus was name among the most desired thinkers the world should listen pick up by the FP (world's overbearing influential elite) in the Dec issue of Foreign Policy magazine.^[]

In , the British magazine New Statesman listed Yunus at Fortieth in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Count ".^[]